Mango trees, including the structure of higher plant stem (habitus) including arboreus groups, namely higher plants that have woody stems more than 5 m. Mangoes can reach 10-40 m. high
The name of this fruit comes from the Tamil maankaay. This word in Indonesian fitted into the mango, and on the other side, the word was brought to Europe by the Portuguese and is absorbed into manga (Portuguese), Mango (English) and others. Own scientific name roughly means: "(tree) fruit, mango, come from India".
Derived from the Indian border with Burma, the mango has spread into Southeast Asia since at least 1500 years ago. The fruit is also known in various regional languages, such as pelem or Poh (Jw.).
Pemerian
A big mango tree, can reach 40 m high or more, although many mangoes pet only about 10 m or less. Mango stems erect, branched rather strong; with dense leaf canopy forms a beautiful dome-shaped, oval or elongated, with diameters up to 10 m. Bark is thick and rough with many small cracks and the scales ex petiole. Color pepagan (bark) of old usually brown or gray, dark gray to almost black.
Mango upside-rooted branching, very long until he could reach 6 m. Branch roots growing down the less, at most the root of the branch at a depth of approximately 30-60 cm.
Single leaf, with the position of dispersed, with no leverage leaves. Petiole length varies from 1.25 to 12.5 cm, enlarged at base and on the side of the existing plot. Rules where the leaves on stems are usually 3 / 8, but closer to the end, situated adjacent to that increasingly seems like a circle (roset).
Leaf blade oblong shape varies but most until Lancet, 2-10 × 8-40 cm, slightly tough skin, glossy dark green, leaves, stems melancip with wavy edges and tip meluncip, with 12-30 leaves secondary bone. Several varieties of mango leaves:
* Oval and ends like the eyes of the spear.
* Form ovate, tip pointed like spears eye.
* Form a rectangle, but a pointed tip.
* Shaped rectangular, rounded ends.
Young leaves are usually colored red, purplish or yellowish; who would later change at the upper surface becomes shiny green, while the lower surface light green. Age leaves can reach one year or more.
Flowers
Married one (monoecious), mango flower is rooted in a compound flower panicles much branched at the tip of twigs. Normally feathered wreath, but some others are bald, yellow-green, up to 40 cm in length. Compound interest is composed of main axis which has a lot of the main branch. Each main branch has many branches, namely the second branch. There is a possibility of this second flower branch has a team consisting of three flowers or have three branches. Each group of three consists of three flowers and each flower is short-stemmed flower with small leaves. The number of flowers on each compound interest can reach 1000-6000.
Flowers in a bouquet of mixed pairs, there are male and some are hermaphrodite (androgynous). Flower size approximately 6-8 mm. More male flowers than hermaphrodite flowers, and the number of hermaphrodite flowers is what determines the formation of fruit. The percentage of hermaphrodite flowers varies, depending on the variety, which is between 1.25% -77.9%, while that have a normal ovary approximately 50-10%.
Mangoes are usually short-stemmed flowers, rarely a long-stemmed, and aromatic. Bertaju petals usually 5; as well as flower crown composed of five petals, but sometimes there are 4 to 8. The color is pale yellow, while in the middle there arises line numbered 3 through 5 in the colors a bit older. The edges of the white corolla. At the time, will wither, the colors had become red petals.
Stamen number five fruits, but are fertile only one or two pieces while others are sterile. The fertile stamens are usually almost equal in length to the pistil, which is approximately 2 mm, while the shorter sterile. Pistil head reddish color and will change color to purple anthers open in time to give an opportunity to mature pollen to pollinate the stigma. Form of pollen is usually elliptical, approximately 20-35 microns.
His men would not stemmed and are in a room, and is located on a disk. Stigma stems from the edge of the ovary and the tip there is the stigma that looks simple. In an occasional flower, there are three ovary.
Fruit
Mango fruit including stone fruit group (drupa) are fleshy, with sizes and shapes are highly variable depending on kinds, ranging from round (eg mango buildings), ovate (dioscorea, Indramayu, Arumanis) to elongated oval (mango marionette) . Fruit length approximately 2.5 to 30 cm. At the end of the fruit, there is a section called the pointed beak. In the top part there is a curved section called sinuses, which continued into the abdomen.
Rather thick rind speckled gland; green, yellowish or reddish when ripe. Fruit flesh orange when ripe red, yellow or cream-colored, fibrous or not, sweet to sour with plenty of water and smelled strongly to weak. Seeds are white, elongated flattened closed endokarp thick, mengayu and fibrous. This seed consists of two pieces, there are still others who monoembrional poliembrional.
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