Pohon Durian

Durian is a tropical plant that originated from Southeast Asia, as well as the name of the fruit can be eaten. The name is taken from the skin of fruit typical of the hard and sharp grooved so as to resemble thorns. The popular title is "king of all fruits" (King of Fruit), and durian fruit is controversial. Although many who love it, others sick of the smell.

Indeed, plants with a durian is not a single species but a group of plants from the genus Durio. [1] However, what is meant by durian (without any additive) is usually a Durio zibethinus. The types of other durian can be eaten and sometimes found in markets in Southeast Asia tempatan include lai (D. kutejensis), kerantungan (D. oxleyanus), durian or kekura turtle (D. graveolens), and lahung (D . dulcis). Furthermore, the description below refers to D. zibethinus.

Nama Nama Lokal

There are many local names. Most names found on Borneo, which refers to the various varieties and different species. Durian durian is known as Java (Java language, Betawi) and kadu (Sundanese). In Sumatra, known as durian and durian (Gayo language). In Sulawesi, Manado people call duriang, while the people of Toraja duliang. In eastern Ceram called rulen.

Spread

Diversity Center is a durian on Borneo island. Surrounding areas also have some durian germplasm, such as Mindanao, Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula, although not semelimpah Kalimlantan. Nevertheless, a major exporter of durian is Thailand, which is able to develop cultivars with high quality and good farming systems. Another place that cultivated durian with export orientation is Mindanao in the Philippines, Queensland in Australia, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, India, and Sri Lanka.

In the Philippines, the center is the producer of durian in Davao region in Mindanao Island. Kadayawan Festival is an annual celebration of durian in Davao City.

Morphological descriptions of

The annual tree, evergreen (leaf shedding depending on the season) but there is a certain time to grow new leaves (or peronaan flushing period) that occurred after a period of fruitful completion. High growth can reach a height of 25-50 m depending on the species, [3] often has a buttress root circumference durian tree (the root of the board). Pepagan (bark) is reddish brown, irregularly peeling. Tajuknya shady and tenuous.

Ellipse-shaped leaves up to Lancet, 10-15 (-17) cm × 3 to 4.5 (-12.5) cm; located alternate; stemmed; stems pointed or blunt and sharp tipped ramp; side of the green light, the lower side covered with silvery scales or feathers with golden stars. [4]

Flowers (also men) came directly from the trunk (cauliflorous) or old branches at the base (proximal), clustered in the bouquet contains 30-10 florets panicle-shaped or flat skein. Flower buds rounded, about 2 cm in diameter, long-stemmed. Petal tube shape along lk. 3 cm, an additional sheath of leaf lobes split into 2-3 round eggs. The crown forms a spatula, about 2 × length of petals, numbering five strands, whitish. Stamens many, is divided into five files; head putiknya hump shape, with a hairy stem. [4] Flowers appear from dormant buds, blooms in the afternoon and lasted until a few days. Flowers close at noon. This spread the scent of fragrant flowers that come from the nectar glands at the base to attract bats as primary pollinators. [5] The study in Malaysia in the 1970s showed that pollinators are bats Eonycteris spelaea durian. Further research in 1996 showed that of other animals, like birds and honey bees Nectariniidae participate in the pollination of durian three other relatives.

Capsule type of durian fruit globular, ovate to oval, with a length up to 25 cm and a diameter of up to 20 cm. [4] the fruit skin thickness, sharply angled surface ("thorn", so called "durian", although this was not a thorn in botanical sense), yellowish green, brownish, up to grayish.

Fruit develops after fertilization and requires 4-6 months for cooking. During the cooking there is competition antarbuah in one group, so that only one or a few pieces that will reach maturity, and the rest fall. The fruit will fall itself when ripe. In general the weight of durian fruit may reach 1.5 to 5 pounds, so the durian plantation into a dangerous area during the durian season. If someone falls on the head, the durian can cause serious injury or even death.

Each fruit has five rooms (laymen call it "room"), which indicates the number of leaf pieces owned. Each room occupied by a few seeds, usually three points or more, tapering to 4 cm in length, and brownish pink gloss. Beans wrapped by arilus (coated seeds, commonly known as "flesh fruit" durian) are white to light yellow with varying thickness, but at this arilus thickness of superior cultivars can reach 3 cm. With the coated seeds in the seed trade is called ponggè. Breeding durian is directed to produce small seeds with a thick-coated seeds, because this is part of the coated seeds eaten. Some varieties produce fruit with seeds that are not growing but with thick-coated seeds (called "breadfruit").

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